Home/The project/Eyes on the Karst

Watching fire — and recovery — from space and air

You cannot manage what you cannot see. ZRC SAZU built the project's eyes: a 30-year satellite memory of every significant fire, and centimetre-scale drone surveys that track how the land heals after the flames — feeding straight into the live platform.

171
historical fires reconstructed as burned-area maps.
30 yr
of imagery — Sentinel-2 since 2015 and Landsat back to the 1980s.
~4 cm
per pixel from the drone — versus 10 m from satellite.
4
seasons of multispectral drone flights over the pilot areas.
Deliverable D2.3.1 — remote-sensing database

A 30-year memory of fire, from orbit

THE ARCHIVE

Every significant fire, on one map

From 682 cross-border fire records (Miren-Kostanjevica, Komen and Devin-Nabrežina), ZRC SAZU kept the 238 larger than half a hectare and reconstructed 171 burned-area perimeters using burn indices (dBAIS2, dBAI) computed on Google Earth Engine — turning Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery into a comparable, cross-border fire history.

THE ENGINE

From history to a daily risk score

That historical archive trains the daily risk engine: a Random Forest ignition model (1995–2024 data, AUC 0.854) scores wildfire probability across roughly 40,000 grid points every day, modulated by the Fire Weather Index into a clear red / yellow / green map.

Deliverable D2.3.2 — near-real-time maps

Centimetre-scale, season by season — the drones

Where satellites see the region, drones see the plot. Four seasonal surveys turn the pilot areas into high-resolution, repeatable evidence of whether restoration actually works.

A multispectral drone (DJI Mavic 3M, RTK)

Green, red, red-edge and near-infrared bands, positioned to centimetre accuracy.

Four seasons, two pilot areas

Surveys on 27 May, 16 July, 7 November 2025 and 13 February 2026 over Nova vas (6.99 ha) and Kremenjak (~28.6 ha across three flights), at 3.65–4.02 cm per pixel.

NDVI tells the recovery story

The vegetation index, mapped season by season, shows exactly where cleared and grazed ground is greening back — measuring whether the pilots are working.

Built to last

Hundreds of photos per cycle become 3D point clouds, surface models and orthophotos, archived openly for re-use.

Science → operations

Where the imagery becomes a live tool

Infordata integrates ZRC SAZU's burned-area polygons, drone orthophotos and NDVI layers into the Karst Firewall platform as interactive map layers, alongside Copernicus Sentinel-2 base imagery and active-fire feeds — so a 30-year archive and last week's drone flight sit on the same screen as today's risk map, ready for first responders on both sides of the border.

Source: deliverables D2.3.1 "Remote-sensing database" and D2.3.2 "Near-real-time pilot-area maps" (WP2), ZRC SAZU with Infordata, 2026.